{"id":13010,"date":"2023-10-19T16:20:54","date_gmt":"2023-10-19T20:20:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idavox.com\/index.php\/2023\/10\/19\/torgerson-ruling-prohibits-police-searches-in-minnesota-based-on-odor-of-cannabis\/"},"modified":"2023-10-19T16:20:54","modified_gmt":"2023-10-19T20:20:54","slug":"torgerson-ruling-prohibits-police-searches-in-minnesota-based-on-odor-of-cannabis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idavox.com\/index.php\/2023\/10\/19\/torgerson-ruling-prohibits-police-searches-in-minnesota-based-on-odor-of-cannabis\/","title":{"rendered":"Torgerson Ruling Prohibits Police Searches in Minnesota Based on Odor of Cannabis"},"content":{"rendered":"

Minneapolis, MN \u2014 Last month, the Minnesota Supreme Court issued a landmark ruling in Torgerson v The State of Minnesota<\/a> that the odor of marijuana on its own does not establish probable cause for police in Minnesota to search vehicles.<\/p>\n

Criminal defense attorney and 2008 University of St. Thomas Law School graduate Shauna Kieffer<\/a> authored the amicus brief (pdf<\/a>) on behalf of the Minnesota Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers defending the lower court\u2019s ruling. She sat down with Unicorn Riot to discuss this decision, outlining the implications it will have on the people of Minnesota.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe data showed that over 1,000 Black and East African men had their vehicles searched for contraband, where none was found. What had been the justification to do that?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Shauna Kieffer, Criminal Defense Attorney<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n\n

In 2021, Adam Torgerson and his family (who are all white) were driving in Meeker County late at night when they were stopped by Litchfield Police for a light malfunction, which according to Kieffer was a valid reason for the traffic stop. But when the two officers approached the vehicle they claimed they smelled marijuana. Torgerson denied having weed in the car. According to Kieffer, the cops claimed that that was grounds for \u201cprobable cause\u201d and that was their sole reason for searching Torgerson\u2019s car, whose wife and child were also inside.<\/p>\n

During the search, officers did not find any weed but they did find a small amount of methamphetamine contraband and paraphernalia. Torgerson was charged with possession of methamphetamine paraphernalia in the presence of a minor and fifth-degree possession of a controlled substance.<\/p>\n

Torgerson\u2019s attorneys moved to suppress the evidence. They argued that the odor of marijuana alone was insufficient evidence to amount to a probable cause search of the vehicle. The district court granted Torgerson\u2019s motion and dismissed the complaint.<\/p>\n

Kieffer said that in 2021 the district court ruled that because medical marijuana, hemp, and small amounts of marijuana were legal, the contraband obtained from the police search was illegal and inadmissible in court.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt should be treated the same way that Minnesota treats alcohol,\u201d<\/strong> she said. \u201cYou can\u2019t expand the search of a vehicle based on the smell of alcohol alone, so you shouldn\u2019t be able to expand the search of a vehicle based on marijuana alone. Ultimately the court of appeals and the Minnesota Supreme Court agreed<\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kieffer emphasized that the smell of cannabis can still be used as a factor for cops to search your car, it just can\u2019t be the only factor. It can still be used to expand a traffic stop if there are other factors, she explained.<\/p>\n

\nShauna Kieffer, criminal defense attorney<\/div>\n

She said she uses \u201c99 Problems,\u201d a Jay-Z song, when she\u2019s teaching a group that\u2019s learning about the subject.<\/p>\n

\u201cWell, I ain\u2019t passed the bar, but I know a little bit.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Enough that you won\u2019t illegally search my shit.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jay-Z, 99 Problems<\/em><\/p>\n

When a cop pulls someone over it\u2019s not because of the smell of weed, Kieffer said, but before Torgerson, the smell of weed did give cops the reason to search a vehicle.<\/p>\n

\u201cOne of the reasons I like to use the song \u201899 Problems\u2019 to illustrate the expansion of stops is: the stop starts because of speeding. And then it escalates to \u2018Can I look into your glove box? Can I look into your trunk?\u2019 And Jay-Z says, \u2018You\u2019ll need to get a warrant for that,\u2019 and he\u2019s correct.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Shauna Kieffer, Criminal Defense Attorney<\/em><\/p>\n

Kieffer told Unicorn Riot that in order for a cop \u201cTo expand a stop, each incremental intrusion, you need to have justification. You can\u2019t just go on a fishing expedition,\u201d <\/strong>she said. \u201cAnd that comes from the Supreme Court case Arizona v Gant.\u201d\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Impacts From Landmark Decision<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Kieffer said the Torgerson ruling will likely affect Minnesotans broadly. People with past felonies for marijuana convictions could have convictions and criminal points reduced. It will likely impact sentencing guidelines as well, she said. But one of the biggest impacts it will have is on racial disparities in everyday traffic stops.<\/p>\n

Before the Torgerson decision, cops could use the smell of marijuana to justify a vehicle search during a traffic stop, which was ripe for abuse. Often these extralegal searches lead to seizures of cash, cars, and other properties by authorities. A recent report released by the state auditor revealed that Minnesota police confiscated over $9 million in cash and other valuables from individuals in 2022. More than one third of total seizures last year or $3.1 million was taken from people who were not convicted of crimes, the Minnesota Reformer reported<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Kieffer cited research demonstrating that these probable cause marijuana searches were systematically used in Minneapolis as a pretext to target Black men. She said this ruling \u201cgets rid of the ability \u2026 not that an officer would ever do this, but to pretend that there was the smell of marijuana. \u2026 Well we\u2019ve got body worn cameras. We don\u2019t have body worn cameras that have scent equipped with them,\u201d <\/strong>Kieffer said.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026 Minneapolis police department records \u2026 showed over 1,000 Black and East African men were stopped in the city of Minneapolis in a one year period from 2019 to 2020 that had their vehicles searched where [no] contraband was found. That wasn\u2019t cited in the Minnesota Supreme Court brief, but I\u2019d like to think that it gave them some pause about the impact of this ruling.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Minnesotans impacted by marijuana convictions can contact the attorney general\u2019s office<\/a> for inquiries into record expungement. Minneapolis based non-profit law firms the Legal Rights Center<\/a> and Volunteer Lawyers Network<\/a> both offer free expungement assistance to low-income residents.<\/p>\n

Cover image via<\/a> Flickr \/ Mark Guim (CC).<\/em><\/p>\n

About the author: Marjaan Sirdar is a South Minneapolis based freelance journalist. He is the host of the<\/em> People Power Podcast<\/em><\/a> and author of the investigative series,<\/em> 21st Century Jim Crow in the North Star City: How Target Corp., the City of Minneapolis, and Hennepin County, Created a Domestic Spy Program That Rolled Back Civil Rights On its Black Population<\/em><\/a>, published by Unicorn Riot. You can follow him on Twitter<\/em> @peoplepowerpod1<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

\nFollow us on X (aka Twitter)<\/a>, Facebook<\/a>, YouTube<\/a>, Vimeo<\/a>, Instagram<\/a>, Mastodon<\/a>, Threads<\/a>, BlueSky<\/a> and Patreon<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Please consider a tax-deductible donation to help sustain our horizontally-organized, non-profit media organization:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

The post Torgerson Ruling Prohibits Police Searches in Minnesota Based on Odor of Cannabis<\/a> appeared first on UNICORN RIOT<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Minneapolis, MN \u2014 Last month, the Minnesota Supreme Court issued a landmark ruling in Torgerson…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":13011,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1973],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-unicorn-riot"],"yoast_head":"\nTorgerson Ruling Prohibits Police Searches in Minnesota Based on Odor of Cannabis – Idavox<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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